This report calculates the Australian economy’s direct dependence on nature and the variation in direct dependency for every major industry sector.

All Australian industries and sectors have a varying dependence on nature. Impairment of an ecosystem service stemming from damage to the environment, or a depreciation of natural capital, can affect the economic performance of those industries, acutely or chronically.

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About the Publishers

The Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) is a not for profit that has been advocating for our natural world and against pollution and destruction for more than 50 years.

Pollination is a specialist investment and advisory firm, accelerating the transition to a net zero, nature positive and resilient future. They have US$1b of funds under management, including venture capital. Pollination develops projects and provides law and policy advice on climate law and environmental markets. They regularly publish analysis and reports on nature-related topics such as finance, governance, regulation and markets.

Australian Ethical is an ethical investment management company, listed on the ASX, and based in Sydney, Australia. nvestments are guided by the Australian Ethical Charter which shapes its approach to including and restricting the investments the company makes. Australian Ethical has over AU$13b in funds under management as at April 2025.

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